5month18日Late，Member of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State bet365 live online casinoCouncil、Professor Zhang Hengshan, Deputy Director of the Political and Legal Teaching and Research Department of the Central Party School at the Law School101The lecture hall gave a report entitled "Conscience Obligation and Rational Ought"，The report was hosted by Professor Li Daojun of the Law School。

张The professor mainly explained the origin of obligations and rational obligations from four aspects。First，张The professor gave a novel explanation of the origin of obligations。In a nutshell，Obligation means that if it is violated it will be sanctioned，Sanctions are a condition of obligation。The existence of sanctions is the prerequisite for the existence of obligations。张The professor sorted out the historical development of obligations，With Kelsen’s normative jurisprudence as the core，The source of traceability obligations。In a certain sense, it will，Analytical positivist jurisprudence refuses to trace the origin of obligations from natural law，Kelsen further refuses to allow the sovereign to trace the origin of obligations。Normative jurisprudence represented by Kelsen attempts to find the source of obligations from the rules themselves，Disapprove of a foreign thing becoming a basis Bet365 app downloadfor complying with the law。

Secondly,张The professor distinguished between "Kelsen's obligations" and "obligations in the sense of natural law" and focused on the relationship between obligations and oughts。Kelsen’s obligations，It is not considered an obligation under natural law。As Rousseau said "Strong is a physical force，I don’t see how the use of force can produce any morality，Surrendering to force is just a necessary act，Rather than an act of will，At best it is just a wise act。

Finally,张The professor proposed the theory of "objective obligation"。Do objective obligations originate from the conscience or rationality of the social group。For this problem，张The professor conducted a profound analysis of morality，Morality can be roughly divided into: moral psychology、Ethical Behavior、Moral rules (consensus)。On this basis，张The professor analyzed Hart’s theory of “inner point of view and outer point of view”，Thinks that Hart’s inner views cannot withstand people’s questioning，Unable to find a definite origin for the origin of obligation。Facing the RAND Corporation’s report – China’s five major flaws determine its tragic fate，张The professor bet365 live online casinoexpressed his opinion，believes that the lack of integrity and social responsibility is the most critical factor leading to the backwardness of Chinese society。In a certain sense，The lack of Chinese culture is a long-standing lack of national culture，On the one hand, there is a very imperfect market economy and market culture，On the other hand，There is still a large amount of farming economy and small farmer culture in rural areas，The binary structure of this culture-