November 18 afternoon，Deputy Chief Prosecutor of Hong Kong、Mr. Shen Zhongping, visiting professor of the National Procuratorate College of China, visited Lecture Hall 101 of the Law School，Conducted an academic report entitled "Prevention and Control of Triads and Organized Crime in Hong Kong" for students of our college。The report was hosted by Professor Xiao Jinming。
Professor Shen first told the students the history of Hong Kong underworld，Hong Kong’s underworld organizations mainly belong to triads。The Triad originated from the Tiandihui in the Qing Dynasty，Tiandihui first originated in Zhangpu, Fujian，Based on research from Nanjing University and Renmin University of China，There are three main versions of the year when Tiandihui was founded: Bet365 app downloadthe 13th year of Kangxi (1677 AD)、The 12th year of Yongzheng (1734 AD)、The 32nd year of Qianlong (1767 AD)，But there is no conclusion yet。The triad's emblem is a triangle，Represents the three forces of heaven, earth and man。The Heaven and Earth Society is divided into five halls，The second room, Hongshuntang, is in charge of Guangdong and Guangxi，The current underworld organizations in Hong Kong and Macao basically come from this。The triad organizations in Taiwan mainly developed from the Ge Laohui in the Yangtze River Basin。
The traditional triad organization is divided into four layers，The highest level is the mountain owner，Also called the leader；The second floor is the deputy mountain master、Incense Master、Pioneer；There are three types of staff on the third floor，The red stick used as a thug，The white paper fan who is the military advisor and the straw sandals who are responsible for liaison；The lowest level is a member，Also called Four Nine。
Each level of the Triad organization has its own unique code name，All start with 4，meaning all over the world。The mountain owner’s code name is 489，Because 4+8+9=21,Refers to the upper part on the right side of the character Hong；The codename of the second level is 438，3 represents the three points of water on the right side of the character Hong，8 represents the eight in the lower right half of the character Hong；Red Stick Code 426，4×26+4=108，Referring to the 108 Liangshan heroes of Water Margin；White paper fan code 415，4×15+4=64，means gossip；四九 means 4×9=36,Symbolizing the 36 oaths taken when joining Hongmen。The various organizations of the Triad are distinguished by font size，such as full font size、Guangzhou、Hyphen、And font size。This forms an important part of the Triad subculture。
Before Hong Kong was ceded to Britain in 1842，There are already triads Bet365 lotto reviewactive。1845，The first law to combat triads in Hong Kong has been implemented，And constantly modified with the development of society。According to a survey by the Hong Kong police in September 1958: there were 169 triad organizations of various types；1960，1/6 of the residents in Hong Kong have some degree of contact with triads；1974，There are still 37 triad organizations active。Now，The largest triad organizations in Hong Kong are: Heshunhe、和安乐、Xin Ngee Ann、14K。14K was established in Guangzhou in 1948 by the Kuomintang general Ge Zhaohuang，So named because the house number of its headquarters is No. 14，Does not belong to the traditional triad system。
1956，Kowloon riots occurred in Hong Kong，A group of triad organizations left Hong Kong，Go to Macau or Southeast Asia，And developed Hong Kong triad organizations into these areas。After 1970s，With the increasing intensity of police crackdowns and the development of society，The triad organizations in Hong Kong are also gradually transforming。Organizationally，The original highest floor and second floor were merged into one floor，Composed of the person responsible for finance and the person responsible for managing the organization。corresponding，The procedures and rituals for joining the triad are also being simplified。Some members of "Hanging Blue Lanterns" can directly choose "Big Brother" and join directly。
Subsequently，Professor Shen introduced us to the legal regulations for punishing triads in Hong Kong and focused on the importance of combating money laundering crimes。There is no unified criminal code in Hong Kong，The main laws against organized crime include the Societies Ordinance and the Organized and Serious Crimes Ordinance。In 1974, the Independent Commission Against Corruption was established，By cracking down on unscrupulous police officers and unscrupulous bet365 casino blackjackofficials related to the underworld，A powerful indirect attack on the underworld。
The purpose of organized criminal groups is to obtain money and other benefits from crime，The profits from organized crime are higher，Therefore more money laundering activities。At the same time，Due to money laundering activities that may occur to accountants、Lawyer、Bribery of officials and financial institutions，These people are therefore likely to be manipulated by organized crime groups，This is the greatest danger。Therefore，The United Nations has two international conventions that emphasize the importance of combating money laundering crimes。
Next，Professor Shen introduced the organizational structure of combating triads in Hong Kong: at the headquarters level，Including Organized Crime and Triad Bureau (OCTB)，Commercial Crime Bureau (CCB)，Criminal Intelligence Branch (CIB)，Narcotics Investigation Division (NB)；There is a Regional Anti-Triad Unit (RATU) at the regional level；DATS at the regional level。The three-level agencies all adopt intelligence-led strategies。
Last，Professor Shen introduced the problems encountered by the Hong Kong government in the process of combating organized crime: First, it is difficult to collect evidence，The solution is to collect through undercover agents and informants；Second, it is difficult to provide evidence，The solution is to improve the witness protection system；Third, cross-border activities of criminal groups are becoming more frequent，The solution is to strengthen cooperation among countries and regions，But it is very difficult in practice。
At question stage，Professor Shen patiently answered the students’ questions，Mainly about how to reform criminals released from prison，How to supervise the Independent Commission Against Corruption, etc.。Finally, Professor Shen ended this report with warm applause from the students。
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