Zhang Yanxuan，Master of Taiwan Ocean University，Ph.D., University of Dundee, UK。Current associate professor at bet365app、Master’s Tutor，Part-time associate professor at Shanghai Maritime University Law School。Also serves as UNESCO water law、Researcher at the Policy Research Center，Researcher at the Institute of Oceanography, University of Plymouth, UK。
"Green Sea Supplement": How the impact on the marine environment will affect humans？
Zhang Yanxuan: Our destruction of marine ecology will lead to rising sea levels。Many small island countries will disappear，For example, Maldives。But the most immediate crisis at present is not the sea，It’s garbage brought by humans。A director from Taiwan spent a long time in the Maldives at his own expense，Filmed a documentary "Sinking"，You will find in the film，This place has a beautiful coastline，But the outer edge of the coastline is full of garbage，The people on the island were not submerged by the sea water but squeezed by garbage so that they had no living space。
I served on the island when I was young,One of the important tasks at that time was to expel illegal fishing boats。Under inspection， Barrels of potassium cyanate are often seized，This water-soluble chemical is sprinkled on the water surface，Colorless Bet365 app downloadand odorless，The dead fish will float to the surface in ten minutes。After such fish is eaten by people，Poison will remain in the body，Cannot be excluded。Every country releases MSY (maximum fishing volume) every year. Most domestic fishing is based on breeding，Natural catches are small，It can be seen from this message that the coastal resources of my country's mainland have been nearly exhausted due to pollution。There are very few breedings in Japan now，More catches come from distant water fisheries，They have a strong fleet，Strong battery life，You can drive to Antarctica to catch Antarctic shrimp、Whale，A ship is a factory，Capture、One-stop processing。But using this method will cause pollution in other sea areas。
"Green Sea Supplement": Modern people like to vacation at the seaside， It may be a trend to settle in coastal cities。Will this have any impact on the coastal ecology？
Zhang Yanxuan: According to Caijing magazine，In the context of regulating housing prices in major domestic cities，House prices in two places are still rising against the trend，Qinhuangdao and Hainan。This shows that people still yearn for living by the sea。A coastal villa was listed for sale in South Cape Town, a city on the southern coast of England，Price one pound。Not an advertisement，Not a gimmick。This unique villa was built 500 meters from the coastline twenty years ago，Now push the door，Man on the cliff。It is the shrinkage of the coastline caused by the lack of wetland protection。This situation has not yet been encountered in China，But it doesn’t mean you won’t encounter it in the future。With tourism、Development of the real estate industry，A large number of people poured into coastal areas，The ecological environment in coastal areas has been damaged。Where the tide meets the land，Many wetlands have been damaged。Wetlands have ecological regulating functions。Most people don’t realize the importance of wetlands。
Our country currently lacks a coastal area management law! There is no law restricting development in coastal areas，Real estate can do whatever it wants now。Be aware of “one step ahead”。 Be sure to take precautions before they happen，We won’t deal with this problem now，The ecological catastrophe that others faced in the past is what we will face in the future。
"Green Sea Supplement": Do ocean-going ships also cause pollution to Best slot on Bet365the ocean？ I heard that a large amount of sewage was leaked into the sea，It was once allowed。
Zhang Yanxuan：The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has made special provisions on marine environmental pollution。Land-source pollution accounts for more than 70Gj8 of the entire marine environmental pollution，This part can be dealt with from the source。There is also a large part of pollution caused by ocean use。There is a phenomenon called sea throwing。As soon as the ship leaves territorial waters，Throw all the waste on board into the sea，includes ballast water、Oil、Human excrement、Food waste, etc.。 The International Maritime Convention only regulates the discharge of toxic substances，It does not regulate the behavior of people who are already sailing on the ship。The sea throws away more than just garbage，There is also nuclear waste，Reinforce with iron bucket cement，Then throw it directly into the sea。During the earthquake in Japan，I am not worried about Japan’s power plants first，Japan discarded a lot of nuclear waste on the seabed，Once it is squeezed, it deforms and leaks，The consequences are disastrous。
"Green Sea Supplement": What laws and regulations are currently available for marine environmental protection？
Zhang Yanxuan: The current law of the sea is1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea，my country joined in 1996。But this convention also has flaws，It focuses on how marine resources are distributed among member states，But did not pay attention to how to regulate pollution after it occurs，There is no stipulation on what to do if you violate relevant regulations。There is a way and there is no way。 Existing Domestic Marine Environmental Protection Law，is one of the few laws and regulations related to sea areas that are ahead of the times。It divides the functions of sea areas，For example, breeding industry，In areas with rich fish stocks and fish species, fishing is closed during the mating and production period，The legislative concept is very cutting-edge。But unfortunately，This law only divides functions，Lack of a coordinating organization。
"Green Sea Supplement": What are the consequences of the lack of coordination agency？
Zhang Yanxuan: Encountered an incident，When it comes to different departments，Which department do you need to listen to in the end？ For example, the ongoing ConocoPhillips incident，This is not a single incident，It is a compound disaster，It Bet365 app downloadmust be coordinated by different departments。The first marine environmental pollution，The fishery administration department should consider how to minimize the loss of fishery resources，Then the area of the oil spill needs to be limited to the minimum，The one who has the ability to do this is the maritime surveillance department。After the oil spill，All ships entering and exiting the port，Is the waterway going to change？Are there any safety concerns?，It needs to be coordinated by the maritime department。What is most lacking in China is this mechanism。
"Green Sea Supplement": For similar incidents，How is it handled abroad？
Zhang Yanxuan: There are two countries in the world that have coastal management laws，Canada and the United States。Promulgated by Canada in 1996，Specifies very clear rights and obligations for maritime law enforcement departments。The rights and obligations of each department、 When jurisdiction and responsibility are unclear，Final decision will be made by Fisheries and Oceans Canada。 A considerable degree of delegation to one of the departments，Ensure coordination to the greatest extent。The United States after Obama came to power，An oil spill happened at an oil company，The government will immediately establish a National Ocean Council that will report directly to the President，Horizontal coordination，Heads of various departments discuss and coordinate，Established from a temporary organization to a permanent establishment afterwards。
"Green Sea Supplement": What do you think is the key issue in this ConocoPhillips oil spill？
Zhang Yanxuan: Personally, I think the claim should be left to the end，URGENT，Losses should be minimized first，Contain the oil spill。Now the scope of oil pollution is entirely in the inland sea，If you can’t control it，Arrived at the periphery，The result may develop into an international incident。
"Green Sea Supplement": Protecting the ocean cannot rely solely on laws, and more importantly, it is to improve the ocean awareness of the whole people.
Zhang Yanxuan: The role of law is actually very small。Environmental protection must start from a small place。 The ocean has the ability to regenerate，No one can deny it，But the current pollution has exceeded its self-purification ability，If all actions are within the sustainable scope，It won’t be as serious as it is now！ We need to think it out of the bet365 casino blackjackbox (meaning to broaden our minds) and stand on a higher point。Chinese people don’t have enough ocean awareness。The Chinese nation has always been an agricultural country based on the Central Plains，Land to the tiller is the traditional Chinese concept。 But，Our territory is not just land，Sea areas too。A blue land with a total area of 3 million square kilometers，Equivalent to one-third of the land area，Never ignore。
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